Solanum
Eggplant
Solanum melongena
Also known as: eggplant
- Veggies & Herbs
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a species of nightshade plant traditionally grown for its edible fruit. It's a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, widely cultivated for its edible fruit, the eggplant, known in some countries as aubergine or brinjal. They are typically dark purple and oblong in shape, though there are also white, yellow, orange and green varieties. Eggplants are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber and require minimal care when planted outdoors. They take about 3 months to become ripe and ready to harvest.
Care guides
Watering
Eggplant plants need to be watered frequently, about once per week. They prefer to remain evenly moist but not soggy, so water when the top 1 to 2 inches of soil starts to become dry. Water the plants at soil level and be sure to water them deeply, allowing the water to soak down to the roots. If temperatures are extremely high, you may need to water more often. In this case, test the soil with your finger to gauge moisture and water when the top inch of soil starts to become dry.
Sunlight
How much sunlight goes to eggplant will depend on its growing conditions and location, but 6 or more hours per day is generally recommended. Eggplant prefers full sun, meaning it needs direct light for a good portion of the day, preferably early morning or mid-afternoon sun when temperatures are cooler. It also likes high levels of light and will produce more fruit when exposed to the sun for longer durations. It's important to make sure that the plant is shielded from hot afternoon sunlight which can be too intense for it.
Pruning
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) should be pruned at the end of the winter, just before the spring growing season. Prune the plant back to the main stem, removing any dead leaves and stems that may have accumulated over the winter. Prune the plant back to an acceptable height, as this will encourage new growth and keep the plant healthy. In general, remove no more than 1/3 of the plant's foliage at once, as it may be weakened by excessive pruning.